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Background: Organizational success depends on leadership style. Leadership style probably affects coronavirus anxiety and workers' safety behavior at work. This study aims to examine the structural association between leadership style and coronavirus anxiety with safety behavior among workers in the sanitary products industry in Qom Province. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlative study was conducted on 260 workers in the sanitary products industry in Qom Province in 2020 using a systematic random sampling method. For data collection, Alipour Coronavirus Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Lathans Leadership Style Questionnaire, Mahdinia Safety Behavior Questionnaire, and demographic checklist were used. In addition, multivariate analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed to analyze the variables via SPSS V.22.0 and Smart PLS V.3.2.8. Results: Leadership style had a positive significant correlation with safety behavior (r=0.19) (p-value < 0.01), yet it had an insignificant negative correlation with coronavirus anxiety (r=-0.12). Besides, coronavirus anxiety had an insignificant negative correlation with safety behavior. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the path coefficient of leadership style and coronavirus anxiety (r=0.16) with safety behavior (r=0.46) was significant (p-value < 0.01);however, the path coefficient between coronavirus anxiety and safety behavior (r=-0.16) was not significant. Conclusions: We concluded that the factor loadings coefficients of the structural model were equal to or higher than the acceptable value of 0.4 in all cases confirming the structural model was appropriate. Furthermore, coronavirus anxiety and safety behavior can be predicted among the workers using leadership style. © The Author(s) 2022;All rights reserved. Published by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Press.
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Background: Coronavirus is one of the major pathogens of the human respiratory system and a major threat to the human health. Objectives: This modeling study aimed to project the epidemics trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Qom, Iran Methods: This study projected the COVID-19 outbreak in Qom using a modified susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) compartmental model by the end of December 2020. The model was calibrated based on COVID-19 epidemic trend in Qom from 1 January to 11 July. The number of infected, hospitalized, and death cases were projected by 31 December. A Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis was applied to obtain 95% uncertainty interval (UI) around the estimates. Results: According to the results, the reduced contact rate and increased isolation rate were effective in reducing the size of the epidemic in all scenarios. By reducing the contact rate from eight to six, the number of new cases on the peak day, as well as the total number of cases admitted to the hospital by the end of the period (31 December), decreased. For example, in Scenario A, compared to Scenario E, with a decrease in contact rate from eight to six, the number of new cases on peak days decreased from 15,700 to 1,100. The largest decrease in the number of new cases on peak days was related to Scenario F with 270 cases. Also, the total number of cases decreased from 948,000 to 222,000 between the scenarios, and the largest decrease in this regard was related to Scenario F, with 188,000 cases. Conclusions: The parameters of contact rate and isolation rate can reduce the number of infected cases and prevent the outbreak, or at least delay the onset of the peak. This can help health policymakers and community leaders to upgrade their health care
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Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed heavy direct and indirect economic burden on the people and the health system. Objectives: The present study aimed to estimate the economic burden of COVID-19 in Qom Province, using the step-down cost accounting (SDCA) method.
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Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly emerging infectious disease that bringing a heavy workload on nursing staff. Objective: This study explores the nurses' experiences of providing ethical care for patients with COVID-19. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out based on hermeneutic phenomenology. Unstructured interviews were conducted with 18 Iranian nurses. Data were analyzed based on the hermeneutic approach using the Diekelmann approach. Results: Three themes emerged: strong clinical dilemma, flourishing of professional values, and strengthening human and organizational communication. Conclusion: The findings highlight ethical care and its dimensions for COVID-19 patients. Nurses need support from health managers to provide ethical care in such health crises.
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Objective: To identify the incidence rate, relative risk, hotspot regions and incidence trend of COVID-19 in Qom province, northwest part of Iran in the first stage of the pandemic. Methods: The study included 1 125 officially reported PCR-confirmed cases of COVID-19 from 20 February 2020 to 20 April 2020 in 90 regions in Qom city, Iran. The Bayesian hierarchical spatial model was used to model the relative risk of COVID-19 in Qom city, and the segmented regression model was used to estimate the trend of COVID-19 incidence rate. The Poisson distribution was applied for the observed number of COVID-19, and independent Gamma prior was used for inference on log-relative risk parameters of the model. Results: The total incidence rate of COVID-19 was estimated at 89.5 per 100 000 persons in Qom city (95% CI: 84.3, 95.1). According to the results of the Bayesian hierarchical spatial model and posterior probabilities, 43.33% of the regions in Qom city have relative risk greater than 1;however, only 11.11% of them were significantly greater than 1. Based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) spatial analysis, 10 spatial clusters were detected as active and emerging hotspot areas in the south and central parts of the city. The downward trend was estimated 10 days after the reporting of the first case (February 7, 2020);however, the incidence rate was decreased by an average of 4.24% per day (95%CI:-10.7, -3.5). Conclusions: Spatial clusters with high incidence rates of COVID-19 in Qom city were in the south and central regions due to the high population density. The GIS could depict the spatial hotspot clusters of COVID-19 for timely surveillance and decision-making as a way to contain the disease.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 180 countries and has killed more than half a million people up to now. Risk factors for death are not yet fully identified. Objectives: The present study aimed at comparing the clinical manifestations and risk factors for death between two groups of patients with COVID-19 aged under and above 50 in Qom Province, Iran. Methods: The current retrospective cohort study was conducted on 178 patients with COVID-19 in Qom Province. Patients were fol-lowed up until recovery or death. The source population was divided into four groups, of which 45 patients were randomly enrolled in the study. The first group included patients aged less than 50 discharged after recovery;the second group included patients less than 50 years who died from COVID-19;the third group consisted of patients above 50 discharged after recovery, and the fourth group included patients above 50 who died from COVID-19. The data, including COVID-19 clinical symptoms and presumptive risk factors for death, were collected and compared between groups. Results: The most common symptoms in hospitalized patients were shortness of breath (82.6%), cough (73.6%), and fever (71.9%), respectively. In the age group above 50, the prevalence of fever in the recovered subjects was higher than that of the ones who died from the disease (81.8% Vs. 53.3%). Headache and loss of senses of smell and taste were also more common in both age groups in the recovered subjects. In the age group under 50, subjects who died had higher BMI values, but in the age group above 50, subjects who died had lower BMIs. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that obesity could be a risk factor for death in the age group under 50. The results also indicated that in both age groups, extrapulmonary symptoms were more common in recovered patients.